In the era of big astronomical surveys, our ability to leverage artificial intelligence algorithms simultaneously for multiple datasets will open new avenues for scientific discovery. Unfortunately, simply training a deep neural network on images from one data domain often leads to very poor performance on any other dataset. Here we develop a Universal Domain Adaptation method DeepAstroUDA, capable of performing semi-supervised domain alignment that can be applied to datasets with different types of class overlap. Extra classes can be present in any of the two datasets, and the method can even be used in the presence of unknown classes. For the first time, we demonstrate the successful use of domain adaptation on two very different observational datasets (from SDSS and DECaLS). We show that our method is capable of bridging the gap between two astronomical surveys, and also performs well for anomaly detection and clustering of unknown data in the unlabeled dataset. We apply our model to two examples of galaxy morphology classification tasks with anomaly detection: 1) classifying spiral and elliptical galaxies with detection of merging galaxies (three classes including one unknown anomaly class); 2) a more granular problem where the classes describe more detailed morphological properties of galaxies, with the detection of gravitational lenses (ten classes including one unknown anomaly class).

测量星系的结构参数（大小，总亮度，光浓度等）是朝着不同星系种群定量描述的重要第一步。在这项工作中，我们证明了贝叶斯神经网络（BNN）可用于通过不确定性定量的推断，从模拟的低表面闪光星系图像中对这种形态学参数进行了描述。与传统的配置拟合方法相比，我们表明使用BNN获得的不确定性在幅度，精心校准的情况下是可比性的，并且参数的点估计值更接近真实值。我们的方法也大大更快，这在大型星系调查和天体物理学中的大数据的时代的出现非常重要。

宇宙学调查实验中的数据处理和分析管道引入了数据扰动，可以显着降低基于深度学习的模型的性能。鉴于加工和分析宇宙学调查数据的监督深度学习方法的增加，数据扰动效应的评估以及增加模型稳健性的方法的发展越来越重要。在星系形态分类的背景下，我们研究了扰动在成像数据中的影响。特别是，我们在基线数据培训和扰动数据测试时检查使用神经网络的后果。我们考虑与两个主要来源相关的扰动：1）通过泊松噪声和2）诸如图像压缩或望远镜误差的图像压缩或望远粉误差所产生的步骤所产生的数据处理噪声提高了观测噪声。我们还测试了域适应技术在减轻扰动驱动误差时的功效。我们使用分类准确性，潜在空间可视化和潜在空间距离来评估模型稳健性。如果没有域适应，我们发现处理像素级别错误容易将分类翻转成一个不正确的类，并且更高的观察噪声使得模型在低噪声数据上培训无法对Galaxy形态进行分类。另一方面，我们表明，具有域适应的培训改善了模型稳健性并减轻了这些扰动的影响，以更高的观测噪声的数据提高了23％的分类精度。域适应也增加了基线与错误分类的错误分类的潜在空间距离〜2.3的倍数距离，使模型更强大地扰动。

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to identify driving preferences and produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently account for safety and reliability concerns. In this paper, we show how imitation learning combined with reinforcement learning using simple rewards can substantially improve the safety and reliability of driving policies over those learned from imitation alone. In particular, we use a combination of imitation and reinforcement learning to train a policy on over 100k miles of urban driving data, and measure its effectiveness in test scenarios grouped by different levels of collision risk. To our knowledge, this is the first application of a combined imitation and reinforcement learning approach in autonomous driving that utilizes large amounts of real-world human driving data.

Microprocessor architects are increasingly resorting to domain-specific customization in the quest for high-performance and energy-efficiency. As the systems grow in complexity, fine-tuning architectural parameters across multiple sub-systems (e.g., datapath, memory blocks in different hierarchies, interconnects, compiler optimization, etc.) quickly results in a combinatorial explosion of design space. This makes domain-specific customization an extremely challenging task. Prior work explores using reinforcement learning (RL) and other optimization methods to automatically explore the large design space. However, these methods have traditionally relied on single-agent RL/ML formulations. It is unclear how scalable single-agent formulations are as we increase the complexity of the design space (e.g., full stack System-on-Chip design). Therefore, we propose an alternative formulation that leverages Multi-Agent RL (MARL) to tackle this problem. The key idea behind using MARL is an observation that parameters across different sub-systems are more or less independent, thus allowing a decentralized role assigned to each agent. We test this hypothesis by designing domain-specific DRAM memory controller for several workload traces. Our evaluation shows that the MARL formulation consistently outperforms single-agent RL baselines such as Proximal Policy Optimization and Soft Actor-Critic over different target objectives such as low power and latency. To this end, this work opens the pathway for new and promising research in MARL solutions for hardware architecture search.

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put healthcare systems worldwide to their limits, resulting in increased waiting time for diagnosis and required medical assistance. With chest radiographs (CXR) being one of the most common COVID-19 diagnosis methods, many artificial intelligence tools for image-based COVID-19 detection have been developed, often trained on a small number of images from COVID-19-positive patients. Thus, the need for high-quality and well-annotated CXR image databases increased. This paper introduces POLCOVID dataset, containing chest X-ray (CXR) images of patients with COVID-19 or other-type pneumonia, and healthy individuals gathered from 15 Polish hospitals. The original radiographs are accompanied by the preprocessed images limited to the lung area and the corresponding lung masks obtained with the segmentation model. Moreover, the manually created lung masks are provided for a part of POLCOVID dataset and the other four publicly available CXR image collections. POLCOVID dataset can help in pneumonia or COVID-19 diagnosis, while the set of matched images and lung masks may serve for the development of lung segmentation solutions.

对于要表示为歧管上点的2D对象的图像和形状等数据结构，这是常见的。从此类数据中产生消毒的差异私有估计的机制的实用性与它与空间的基础结构和几何形状的兼容性密切相关。特别是，如最近所示，拉普拉斯机理在正面弯曲的歧管上的效用（例如肯德尔的2D形状空间）受到曲率的显着影响。关注歧管上的点样品样本的Fr \'echet平均值的问题，我们利用均值的表征为由平方距离总和组成的目标函数的最小化器，并开发了k-norm梯度机制在Riemannian歧管上，有利于产生接近目标函数零的梯度的值。对于正面弯曲的歧管的情况，我们描述了如何使用平方距离函数的梯度比Laplace机制更好地控制灵敏度，并在数值上在callosa的形状数据集上进行数值演示。还提出了机理在球体上的实用性的进一步说明以及对称正定矩阵的多种示意图。

在整个计算科学中，越来越需要利用原始计算马力的持续改进，通过对蛮力的尺度锻炼的尺度增加，以增加网状元素数量的增加。例如，如果不考虑分子水平的相互作用，就不可能对纳米多孔介质的转运进行定量预测，即从紧密的页岩地层提取至关重要的碳氢化合物。同样，惯性限制融合模拟依赖于数值扩散来模拟分子效应，例如非本地转运和混合，而无需真正考虑分子相互作用。考虑到这两个不同的应用程序，我们开发了一种新颖的功能，该功能使用主动学习方法来优化局部细尺度模拟的使用来告知粗尺度流体动力学。我们的方法解决了三个挑战：预测连续性粗尺度轨迹，以推测执行新的精细分子动力学计算，动态地更新细度计算中的粗尺度，并量化神经网络模型中的不确定性。

人工智能（AI）已成为一种变革性和多功能工具，破坏了跨科学领域的新边界。在其最有希望的应用中，AI研究是在混凝土科学和工程中开展的，它为混合设计优化和胶合系统的服务寿命预测提供了新的见解。本章旨在揭示有关混凝土材料AI现有文献的主要研究兴趣和知识结构。首先，从1990年至2020年发表的总共389篇文章是从科学网络中检索出来的。采用了科学计量学工具，例如关键字共同出现分析和文档共分析，以量化研究领域的特征和特征。这些发现在数据驱动的具体研究中引起了迫切的问题，并为混凝土社区提供了充分利用AI技术能力的未来机会。

本文介绍了有关开发的原型的研究，以服务公共政策设计的定量研究。政治学的这种子学科着重于确定参与者，之间的关系以及在健康，环境，经济和其他政策方面可以使用的工具。我们的系统旨在自动化收集法律文件，用机构语法注释它们的过程，并使用超图来分析关键实体之间的相互关系。我们的系统经过了《联合国教科文组织公约》的保护，以保护2003年的无形文化遗产，这是一份法律文件，该文件规定了确保文化遗产的国际关系的基本方面。